🩺 Neurology Expert Reviewed

Migraine

বাংলা নাম: মাইগ্রেন

Jump to: Overview Symptoms Causes Prevention When to See Doctor Doctors

1 Overview

A migraine is a neurological condition that can cause multiple symptoms, most notably a throbbing, pulsing headache usually on one side of the head. It is often accompanied by extreme sensitivity to light, sound, nausea, and vomiting. Migraine attacks can last for hours to days, significantly impairing daily activities.

2 Symptoms & Signs

Headache Dizziness / Vertigo Nausea and Vomiting

Moderate to severe throbbing pain, usually on one side of the head
Sensitivity to light (photophobia), sounds (phonophobia), and odors
Nausea and vomiting
Visual disturbances known as aura (flashing lights, zigzag patterns) before the headache
Dizziness or lightheadedness

3 Causes

While the exact cause of migraines is not fully understood, genetics and environmental factors play a major role. Changes in brainstem pathways and fluctuations in neurotransmitters, especially serotonin, are closely involved.

Risk Factors

Family history of migraine
Gender: Women are three times more likely to have migraines than men
Hormonal fluctuations during menstruation, pregnancy, or menopause
High stress levels and irregular sleep schedule

Complications

Frequent untreated migraines can progress into chronic migraines (headaches on 15 or more days a month) and medication-overuse headaches from excessive painkiller consumption.

4 Prevention

Maintain a consistent daily sleep and meal routine
Identify and avoid personal dietary triggers (chocolate, aged cheese, processed meats)
Practice stress management through meditation or yoga
Stay well hydrated throughout the day

⚠️ When to See a Doctor

Seek emergency medical attention immediately if your headache comes on suddenly like a thunderclap, is accompanied by high fever and stiff neck, or causes confusion, seizures, numbness, or difficulty speaking.

5 Diagnosis & Treatment

Diagnosis is based on medical history, clinical evaluation, and neurological exam. In some cases, MRI or CT scans rule out other underlying causes. Treatment includes acute relief medications (triptans, NSAIDs) and preventive medications.

References & Academic Sources

[1]
Mayo Clinic — Clinical Overview, Symptoms & Prevention [Link]
[2]
World Health Organization (WHO) — Headache Disorders & Global Statistics [Link]

📢 Medical Disclaimer: This content is strictly for informational and educational purposes only. It is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.